Counseling

I am studying for a test. The test covers chapters 8 and 9. Chapter 8 is entitled: Reflecting skills: Reflecting Meaning and Summarizing:

Constructivism: every person actively with their expeeriences, and based on their language and belief system, they construct reality along with in accordance towards others. Every person has their own way at looking at the world. Helpers are to unlayer all of the underlying meanings of the clients messages.

Meaning uncovering the next layer:

Understanding the content of the story.

Meanings are a series of generalizations to assist an individual to navigate throughout life. A collection of a persons worldview. Reflection of meaning can become a self awareness of perspective. What perspectives does a client have of his/her meaning of life experiences. Beliefs and values could be taken inteo account as well. Underlying feelings will be discussed as well with reflection.


Depth of the clients responses are based upon the counselor's reflection skills. Three depeth levels are included:

1. level 1, What happened? Content. Level one corresponds with Paraphrasing. Paraphraing involves the cognitive tehinking level.

2. Level 2, Feelings. How did you feel? level 2 involves a reflection of feelings a client is having.

3. Level 3, Is a reflection on meaning. What did it mean. Also, at the third level underlying meanings of perceptions are identified.

Reflecting meaning to a client can assist the client with an awareness of perspectives. A goal can also be identified easier at level 3. Perspective shifts can also be accomplished. A reflection on feelings and meanings a client can go deeper into a sense of self awareness.

Challenging the client to go deeper: The inner circle strategy.

Arnold Lazarus: Founder of the inner circle strategy.